Central line infections - hospitals

What is a Central Line?

You have a central line. This is a long tube (catheter) that goes into a vein in your chest, arm, or groin and ends at your heart or in a large vein. Your central line carries nutrients and medicine into your body. It can also be used to take blood when you need to have blood tests.

Central line infections are very serious. They can make you sick and increase how long you are in the hospital. Your central line needs special care to prevent infection.

Preventing Central Line Infections in the Hospital

You may have a central line if you:

• Need antibiotics or other medicines for weeks or months
• Require nutrition because your bowels are not working correctly
• Need to receive a large amount of blood or fluid quickly
• Need to have blood samples taken more than once a day
• Need kidney dialysis

Anyone who has a central line can get an infection. Your risk is higher if you:

• Are in the intensive care unit (ICU)
• Have a weakened immune system or serious illness
• Are having a bone marrow transplant or chemotherapy
• Have the line for a long time
• Have a central line in your groin

What the Hospital Should Do

The hospital staff will use aseptic technique when a central line is put in your chest or arm. Aseptic technique means keeping everything as sterile (germ-free) as possible. They will:

• Wash their hands
• Put on a mask, gown, cap and sterile gloves
• Clean the site where the central line will be placed
• Use a sterile cover for your body
• Make sure everything they touch during the procedure is sterile
• Cover the catheter with gauze or clear plastic tape once it is in place

Hospital staff should check your central line every day to make sure it is in the right place and to look for signs of infection. The gauze or tape over the site should be changed if it is dirty.

How You Can Help During Your Hospital Stay

Make sure not to touch your central line unless you have washed your hands.

Tell your nurse if your central line:

• Gets dirty
• Is coming out of your vein
• Is leaking, or the catheter is cut or cracked

You can take a shower when your doctor says it is OK to do so. Your nurse will help you cover your central line when you shower to keep it clean and dry.

Signs of Infection to Watch for

If you notice any of these signs of infection, tell your doctor or nurse right away.

• Redness at the site, or red streaks around the site
• Swelling or warmth at the site
• Yellow or green drainage
• Pain or discomfort
• Fever