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Prostate resection - minimally invasive

Laser prostatectomy; Transurethral needle ablation; TUNA; Transurethral incision; TUIP; Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate; HoLep; Interstitial laser coagulation; ILC; Photoselective vaporization of the prostate; PVP; Transurethral electrovaporization; TUVP; Transurethral microwave thermotherapy; TUMT; BPH - resection; Benign prostatic hyperplasia (hypertrophy) - resection; Prostate - enlarged - resection

 

Minimally invasive prostate resection is surgery to remove part of the prostate gland. It is done to treat an enlarged prostate . The surgery will improve the flow of urine through the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder outside of your body. It can be done in different ways. There is no incision (cut) in your skin.

Description

 

These procedures are often done in your health care provider's office or at an outpatient surgery clinic.

The surgery can be done in many ways. The type of surgery will depend on the size of your prostate and what caused it to grow. Your doctor will consider the size of your prostate, how healthy you are, and what type of surgery you may want.

All of these procedures are done by passing an instrument through the opening in your penis (meatus). You will be given general anesthesia (asleep and pain-free), spinal or epidural anesthesia (awake but pain-free), or local anesthesia and sedation. Choices are:

  • Laser prostatectomy: This procedure takes about 1 hour. The laser destroys prostate tissue that blocks the opening of the urethra. You will probably go home the same day. You may need a Foley catheter placed in your bladder to help drain urine for a few days after surgery.
  • Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA): The surgeon passes needles into the prostate. High-frequency sound waves ( ultrasound ) heat the needles and prostate tissue. You may need a Foley catheter placed in your bladder to help drain urine after surgery for 3 to 5 days.
  • Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT): TUMT delivers heat using microwave pulses to destroy prostate tissue. Your doctor will insert the microwave antenna through your urethra.
  • Transurethral electrovaporization (TUVP) : A tool or instrument delivers a strong electric current to destroy prostate tissue. You will have a catheter placed in your bladder. It may be removed within hours after the procedure.
  • Transurethral incision (TUIP): Your surgeon makes small surgical cuts where the prostate meets your bladder. This makes the urethra wider. This procedure takes 20 to 30 minutes. Many men can go home the same day. Full recovery can take 2 to 3 weeks.

 

Why the Procedure Is Performed

 

An enlarged prostate can make it hard for you to urinate. You may also get urinary tract infections . Removing all, or part, of the prostate gland can make these symptoms better. Before you have surgery, your doctor may tell you changes you can make in how you eat or drink. You may also try some medicines.

Prostate removal may be recommended if you:

  • Cannot completely empty your bladder (urinary retention)
  • Have repeat urinary tract infections
  • Have bleeding from your prostate
  • Have bladder stones with your enlarged prostate
  • Urinate very slowly
  • Took medicines, and they did not help your symptoms

 

Risks

 

Risks for any surgery are:

  • Blood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungs
  • Blood loss
  • Breathing problems
  • Heart attack or stroke during surgery
  • Infection, including in the surgical wound, lungs ( pneumonia ), bladder, or kidney
  • Reactions to medicines

Other risks for this surgery are:

  • Erection problems (impotence)
  • No symptom improvement
  • Passing semen back into your bladder instead of out through the urethra ( retrograde ejaculation )
  • Problems with urine control ( incontinence )
  • Urethral stricture (tightening of the urinary outlet from scar tissue)

 

Before the Procedure

 

You will have many visits with your provider and tests before surgery:

  • Complete physical exam
  • Visits with your doctor to make sure medical problems, such as diabetes , high blood pressure , and heart or lung problems are being treated well

If you are a smoker, you should stop several weeks before the surgery. Your provider can help.

Always tell your provider what drugs, vitamins, and other supplements you are taking, even ones you bought without a prescription.

During the weeks before your surgery:

  • You may be asked to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), vitamin E, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), and other medicines like these.
  • Ask which medicines you should still take on the day of your surgery.

On the day of your surgery:

  • DO NOT eat or drink anything after midnight the night before your surgery.
  • Take the drugs you have been told to take with a small sip of water.
  • You will be told when to arrive at the hospital or clinic.

 

After the Procedure

 

Most people are able to go home the day of surgery, or the day after. You may still have a catheter in your bladder when you leave the hospital or clinic.

 

Outlook (Prognosis)

 

Most of the time these procedures can relieve your symptoms. But you have a higher chance of needing a second surgery in 5 to 10 years than if you have transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP ).

Some of these less invasive surgeries may cause fewer problems with controlling your urine or ability to have sex than the standard TURP. Talk to your doctor.

You may have the following problems for a while after surgery:

  • Blood in your urine
  • Burning with urination
  • Need to urinate more often
  • Sudden urge to urinate

 

 

Open References

References

Abrams P, Chapple C, Khoury S, Roehrborn C, de la Rosette J; International Consultation on New Developments in Prostate Cancer and Prostate Diseases. Evaluation and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in older men. J Urol . 2013 Jan;189(1 Suppl):S93-S101. PMID: 23234640 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23234640 .

Burke N, Whelan JP, Goeree L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of transurethral resection of the prostate versus minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction. Urology . 2010;75(5):1015-22. Epub 2009 Oct 24. PMID: 19854492 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854492 .

Djavan B, Eckersberger E, Handl MJ, Brandner R, Sadri H, Lepor H. Durability and retreatment rates of minimally invasive treatments of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a cross-analysis of the literature. Can J Urol . 2010;17(4):5249-54. PMID: 20735902 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20735902 .

Fitzpatrick JM. Minimally invasive and endoscopic management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. In: Wein AJ, ed. Campbell-Walsh Urology . 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 93.

Hoekstra RJ, Van Melick HH, Kok ET, Ruud Bosch JL. A 10-year follow-up after transurethral resection of the prostate, contact laser prostatectomy and electrovaporization in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia; long-term results of a randomized controlled trial. BJU Int . 2010;106(6):822-6. Epub 2010 Feb 22. PMID: 20184573 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20184573 .

 

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              Review Date: 6/29/2015

              Reviewed By: Jennifer Sobol, DO, Urologist with the Michigan Institute of Urology, West Bloomfield, MI. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Isla Ogilvie, PhD, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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